Explain what an embedded system is.

Explain the relationship between real-time software and embedded software.

Compare and contrast microcontrollers and microprocessors

Compare and contrast Harvard architectures with Princeton (Von Neumann) architectures

Identify the key architectural components within the ATmega32 microcontroller

Identify the power, ground, and reset pins on a CPU pinout diagram*

Identify pins which have multiple-purposes on the ATmega32 microcontroller*

Draw a memory diagram for ATmega32 flash memory

Explain the purpose for registers

Explain how and why 8 bit registers may be combined to make 16 bit registers

Explain the purpose of the status register

Identify the size and purpose for the General purpose registers within the ATmega32 microcontroller

Employ the microcontroller status register to solve a simple problem

Draw the instruction fetch and execute cycle for the ATmega32 part*

Describe the anatomy of an assembly language statement

Demonstrate the behavior of simple assembly language instructions through the use of register transfer notation

Explain how assembly language instructions are represented in program memory

Compare and contrast the Program and Data Addressing Modes in terms of:

Explain the workings and purposes for the ATmega assembler

Explain the purpose of an assembly language directive

Illustrate the usage of the .device, .def, .equ, .org, and .cseg directives

Demonstrate four different ways of representing numeric constants in AVR assembly language instructions

Explain the purpose of the NOP instruction

Describe the use of each of the three I/O Port control registers

Explain why a NOP is required prior to reading the PINx register after it has been set using an output value

Explain why the value read using the PINx register may not match the output value in the PORTx register, even if the output has been configured properly

Determine the time an instruction will take to execute at a given clock frequency

Construct a delay loop for an arbitrary time period

Recall the behavior of the stack data structure

Explain the purpose for the stack within an assembly language program

Construct code which will initialize the stack pointer to a given location

Explain the concept of stack overflow (If time allows)

Explain the reasons why subroutines are valuable to an assembly language program.

Construct a subroutine which performs a specific task

Compare and contrast the two methods for passing parameters and returning values from a subroutine and state the advantages and disadvantages of each method

Explain why recursion may result in a stack overflow (If time permits)

Explain why recursion may result in stack overflow

Recognize the key flowcharting symbols used for describing software execution flow

Differentiate between in-line flowchart steps and calls to other subroutines

Construct a flowchart representing the assembly language flow through a subroutine

Write assembly language code from a flowchart describing the behavior of a routine

Implement a segment of assembly language source code which will cause stack overflow.

Implement a segment of assembly language source code which will cause stack underflow.

Design an embedded application which will control the output LEDs through the use of a table lookup.

Continue to design an embedded application which will control the output LEDs through the use of a table lookup.

Discuss the upcoming exam and catch-up on any outstanding issues.

Exam One

Construct an application in which data is stored in SRAM instead of variables

Construct a routine to add two 16 bit numbers in Atmega Assembly

Apply partitioning techniques to place source code into multiple assembly language files

Review Exam

Explain the concept of a device driver

Demonstrate partitioning using device drivers to control embedded hardware

Justify the usage of a PortDef.asm file to control assignment of hardware devices to physical devices

Apply the usage of a configuration file to allow rapid modification of port assignments.

Explain the workings of the LCD Display

Compare and Contrast serial and parallel modes of communication

Explain the concept of a communications bus

Explain the architecture of the LCD device driver and rationalize the usage for each subroutine

Explain the concept of a ``smoke test'' for device hardware

Explain how primitive unit tests can be implemented in a device driver

Construct a simple program which uses the lcd device driver to display an output on the lcd panel.

Explain the concept of analog versus digital signals

Define transducer and list transducer devices

List applications whereby A/D conversion might be useful

Explain the concept of a digital to analog converter

Explain conceptually the workings of a successive approximation converter

Define quantization error

List the configuration parameters and ports used for A/D conversion

Demonstrate the usage of the A/D converter to control LED outputs

Explain the concept of an interrupt

Compare and contrast polling and interrupts

List the advantages of polling and interrupts versus the disadvantages

Explain the sequence of handling an interrupt

Explain the purpose for the global interrupt enable flag

Develop a simple ISR based program

Identify the entries in the Vector table.

Explain how to enable and disable interrupts

Compare and contrast the RETI and RET neumonics

Critique ISR implementations based on provided guidelines

Explain the concept of a race condition, and how to protect against race conditions by disabling interrupts

Review for Exam 2

Exam #2

List the reset sources for the ATMEGA 32

Justify the need for a delay during power on reset.

Justify the need for brownout detection.

Explain the purpose for the watchdog timer.

Explain the usage of the MCUCSR Register

Construct source code to configure the watch dog timer.

Construct source code which will kick the watch dog timer.

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD